Neighborhood Crime and the Racial

Ruth D.Peterson and Lauren J. Krivo. Divergent Social Worlds: Neighborhood Crime and the Racial-Spatial Divide New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2010.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Neighborhood Crime and the Racial-Spatial Divide Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ruth and Lauren organized the book around the concept of racial spatial divide. The book is presented in a manner that links racial inequality in terms of social and economic conditions and power to unequal residential locations and segregated settlements across ethnic lines and ratio groups. The authors present the racial spatial divide in a hierarchical structure where whites are the most advantaged, occupy the most powerful and prestigious positions in government and live in the best neighborhoods while Americans of African descents are the most disadvantaged and only occupy disadvantaged and less powerful positions in the US government. Other ethnic groups such as Asians and Latinos occupy positions between the black Americans and the white Americans. According to the book, poverty and other social economic inequalities are strongly associated with certain races and the more they are concentrated in a certain race then the more violent tendencies associated with people of that particular race. A major theoretical contribution of the book is with regards to the integration of various theoretical perspectives with borrowings from fields such as criminology, racial and ethnic divides and urban sociology. The theoretical framework advanced by the authors uses residential segregation as the connection between social position in terms of racial background and the differences in crime levels among various communities. The authors have explained the complicated issues surrounding social and institutional inequalities that favour the white residential areas compared to the residential areas of other lower races like Latinos and African Americans. They have therefore made it clear that segregation is the reason why social worlds of people in the US are very different and depend on neighborhood colour. The authors have also made it clear that racial segregation and associated disadvantages are the reasons why neighborhood crime is associated with certain races or ethnic groups.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ruth and Lauren carried out an empirical study that sought to investigate how the levels of neighborhood crime vary across different racial communities and ethnic groups for a sample set of cities across the US. They used multi level Poisson distributions to record the occurrences of crime across various ethnic groups. The authors investigated the extent to which differences in social inequalities and racial segregation among various communities influence the levels of crime in these neighborho ods. Some of the variables used to predict crime rates were residential instability, disadvantages, immigration of residents, and city characteristics such as segregation and percentage manufacturing. There were significant correlational relations among the study variables. They also investigated how inequality in the character of surrounding settlements contributes to ethnic differences in the levels of crime. In terms of linking racial segregation, neighborhood and crime prevalence, the authors have clearly shown that there is a significant relationship. The book has presented a clear view of the nature of the American racial spatial divide and how the social injustices and disadvantages experienced by some communities lead to the prevalence of neighborhood crime and other forms of violence in those neighborhoods. It is therefore important for the government to develop policies aimed at managing this racial spatial divide in order to curb violence and crime in such neighborhoods. A good example of such could be the upgrading the housing system in African American neighborhoods to reach the standards of white neighborhoods. This essay on Neighborhood Crime and the Racial-Spatial Divide Review was written and submitted by user RobertBaldwin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tayler Adigun Essays - Economy, Unemployment, Economics, Structure

Tayler Adigun Essays - Economy, Unemployment, Economics, Structure Tayler Adigun Professor Denelane Principles of Economics Due: December 6 th 2016 Extra credit Economy assignment In this economy it can be quite puzzling to determine what exactly is beneficial and what classifies as bad for a consumer budget as well as the general economy. There is so many varying factors that can affect how money, goods and services are viewed, distributed and valued and what affect these goods and services have on the economy as a whole. Macroeconomics dives into the broader forms of what affects the economy in a positive and adverse manner. While Microeconomics hones in on one specific type of economic concept and it affects. Some of the bigger ones studied in broad detail in macro economics are ; unemployment, GDP and inflation are some of the factors that serve as building blocks for the economy. Inflation is when the value of our dollar becomes less valuable and it takes more dollars to purchase the same amount of goods. Inflation doesn't always occur equally though. For example there can be inflation in gas prices and deflation in home prices like in the financial crisis of 2008. Oil prices increased to an all time high of 148 a barrel, which then had a snowball, affect as it increased job prices in a time where many people weren't even working. As of October of 2016 however the inflation rate has been at .12%-1.6 %, which is an outstanding difference from 2008's inflation rate of 4.3%. Inflation imposes the biggest barrier on those who have hold bonds or treasury notes because the value of that money decreases and so people rush to sell them, which also decreases their value. The government must accommodate this by offering higher treasury yields, which generally increases the cost of mortgages. Inflation affects everyone differently but as a common rule the outcome is neg ative. Thankfully it has been declining or staying stagnant since 2008 which was when it reached alarming heights Unemployment is also one of the negative sides of the economy that is a slippery slope into a plethora of other financial issues for the greater economy. There are 3 different types of unemployment: cyclical, frictional and structural. Cyclical unemployment happens because of the ups and downs of the economy overtime. Frictional unemployment occurs because of the job market turnover. That is essentially the time it takes to get a new job after graduating from a college or trade school as ell as the time it takes for people in the labor force to give up their jobs as they retire. The final is structural which is when innovative technologies take the place of humans in the job market or your experience as a worker becomes obsolete to the company at hand. All of these combine are the varying types of unemployment. Since Obama came into term in 2008 there has been a drop in unemployed Americans by 614,000 people which is very significant but there are still way more people unemployed rig ht now than there were before the great recession in 2008. It is important to remember that unemployment only includes people who are in the labor force. The labor force is only compiled of people who are actively seeking employment and are above 16 and does not include people who do not actively seek a job. They are unemployed by choice rather it be parents staying home to take care of children or college students who typically are not considered a part of the labor force even though a good bit of college students have to work in college. This is due to inflation increasing and the cost to attend a university rather it be public or private has increased dramatically. The gross domestic product or GDP is one way a country can calculate the size of its economy. Its how much the country produces in one calendar year. This includes all final goods and services produced as well as the intermediate goods that are produced during the in between stages of production. To gauge if ones economy is healthy or not there are a few general staples. One of them is that net exports should be greater than net imports. In addition the

SAT Admission Ticket What It Is, How to Print It Out, and What to Do if You Lose It

SAT Admission Ticket What It Is, How to Print It Out, and What to Do if You Lose It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve signed up for the SAT, you’ve probably heard that you need an SAT admission ticket to get in on test day. The College Board makes a big deal about these tickets, and it can be stressful to figure out how to input all your information, get the right picture, and find a way to print the ticket. Don’t worry! This guide will walk you through exactly what the admission ticket is, how to print it out, and what to do if you lose it. What Is the SAT Admission Ticket? The admission ticket is your proof that you are registered to take the SAT. You must have it to be admitted to the testing center on test day.It also has helpful information about your testing center (for you) and any accommodations you might need (for your proctor). I've included my SAT admission ticket below, so you can see what one looks like. Let's go through the key sections- I numbered them above. Your photo: it's a picture of you! The College Board requires this to help discourage cheating. There's lots more info about how to pick a good photo below. Your personal information: This section contains info like your address and your birth date. Make sure it's all correct well in advance of your test date. Test day info: This section has information about when and where you're testing and which test you're taking (the SAT, the SAT with Essay, or the SAT Subject Tests). Notes for students: This section includes special instructions for what to do when you get to the test center. For example, at my testing center, I had to pay a dollar to park and got my room assignment at building FF. (Despite the instructions, I hit a few snags, so remember to leave yourself plenty of time no matter how prepared you are.) Supervisor instructions:This section includes any extra info your proctor might need. For most students, it's blank, but if you do have special accommodations of some kind, politely remindyour proctor when you arrive. Why Do You Need an SAT Admission Ticket? Essentially, the admission ticket is meant to prove you are who you say you are. In its current form, the ticket is a reaction to issues the College Board has had with cheating: students would have someone else register in their name and take the test for them. Make sure to bring your SAT ticketwith you on the day of the test or you won’t be allowed in. How Do You Get an SAT Admission Ticket? As you might have gathered, in order to get an admission ticket you must register for the SAT. If you haven’t already done so, you can find step-by-step instructions here. During that process, there are two key steps that you'll need to complete to get your SAT ticket. How to Pick a Photo During that process, you’ll be asked to provide a photo for your ticket. This can seem daunting, because the College Board has a lot of rules for what kind of photo you can use. There’s no need to panic, however. The key points are that it needs to be a photo of you that is just your head and shoulders and is well-lit enough that you’re easily recognizable. If you have a .jpg version of your school photo, you can use that. Another good option is using a webcam to just snap a photo right with your computer. Otherwise, get a friend or family member to help you take a headshot with a phone or digital camera. How to Print Your SAT Admission Ticket When you’re done with registration, a screen will come up with your SAT Admission Ticket. Make sure all the information is correct and then print out. It can be in color or in black and white- as long as all of the information, including your photo, is clearly visible. If you prefer, you canwait to print the ticket out later. You can access it anytime through your College Board account. Print your ticket out in advance so you don't have to worry if the printer decides not to work. But What Should You Do If... ...You Lose Your Admission Ticket? If you misplace your ticket, don’t panic! It's easy to reprint a lost SAT admission ticket. Just go to the College Board website and sign in. Click on the link for â€Å"Print My Admission Ticket† and reprint. ...You Realize the Information on the Ticket is Incorrect? Again, this problem is easily fixed by logging into â€Å"My SAT.† You can edit your personal information at any time, up until the Monday before the test date. Remember to reprint the ticket once you’ve made your changes to ensure that it matches the information that the College Board has on file. ...You Get to the Test Center and Realize You Don't Have Your Ticket? The proctors will not let you take the test without your ticket, so if you don't have it you'll be in a bad spot. However, you can try having a friend or family member bring it to you if they live nearby. It’s better to avoid this situation all together, so make sure you have everything you need for the test together in one place the night before. If you’re prone to losing things (or just very paranoid), you can also try: making a backup copy and putting it in the car. taping the ticket and your ID to your calculator. Having a system will make you more likely to remember everything you need on the day of the test. Key Facts to Remember About Your SAT Admission Ticket Let's review the important points you need to keep in mind: You must have your admission ticket to get into the test center on the day of the SAT. Your picture must be recognizable as you. Make sure to print your ticket out at least the night before so you know you have it. You can print your SAT admission ticket at any time by logging into â€Å"My SAT.† If you have any other questions about the SAT ticket, just post them in the comments! More Suggested Reading If you're uncertain about the registration process, check out our step-by-step walkthrough of the process (with pictures) and our guides to when to test, how much the SAT costs, how to cancel your registration, and whether you should send the four free score reports. If, on the other hand, your test date is right around the corner, read up on these last minute test day tips that will help you reach your ideal SAT score. Finally, consider taking a look at some of our SAT prep materials. We have great guides for all three sections, including general strategies, study tips, and in depth skill reviews(there are links to each section on the right). Try starting with our guide to the 5 tips that you must use, which will get you thinking about the test in the right way. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

United States and Mexico's Collaboration Against Mexican Drug Cartels Essay

United States and Mexico's Collaboration Against Mexican Drug Cartels - Essay Example The main role of U.S. has been the supply of funding and intelligence to the Mexican authorities that support their domestic efforts in fighting the cartels. However, there have emerged cracks in this co-operation since it is becoming apparent that the two nations have divergent objectives in the fight (Stewart). While the Mexican government would like to eliminate or at least control the scourge at home, the U.S. government is more concerned with protecting her borders. In addition, some of the moves made in the U.S. such as the decriminalization of Marijuana are calling to question their commitment to the war and the extent to which they are willing to help fight the scourge. This paper will examine the efforts of these two neighboring States to combat jointly the drug cartels, with emphasis on the role of the U.S. in the partnership as well as how its actions weigh in on the fight. The U.S. drug strategy for Mexico is grounded on three principles, which are co-operation, containme nt, and willingness to take the responsibility for the problem (Walser 5). The co-operation between the two countries received a major shot in the arm when the former president Bush and Coldiron signed the Merida initiative that designated over $1, 4 billion dollars into Mexico and other South American nations. The idea  behind these funding was with the mandate to destroy the grip of organized crime in the regions (ONeil 64). In the recent past, the U.S has sent thousands of military personnel in Mexico to aid in training laws law enforcement agencies, they have also deployed drones to collect intelligence about the drugs crimes run-on sentence. In addition, over $3 billion is used in patrolling the U.S border to reduce the incidences of drugs being illegally brought into the United States.

The War On Drugs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The War On Drugs - Research Paper Example Despite of intense crack the border remained closed for only twenty days. US also worked with the government of Bolivia and Peru to reduce drug supply by spraying plant killing chemicals on million of acre of drugs and compensating farmers to grow other crops instead. With this move coca production was reduced to half. But the production of drug moved from those countries to Colombia, looking at the situation US government came up with the plan Colombia. Plan Colombia was an effort on behalf of US government to combat against war on drugs. Millions of dollars of military aid was given to Colombia in order to combat against guerilla groups who are involved in drug trafficking. Colombian military personnel also took training from US military and other law and enforcement agencies. But this effort of US government was criticized by many analyst and congress men as according to them US is keeping focus only on south side whereas ignoring drug trafficking from the North part of the countr y. One of the most evident signs of the failure of this war appears in 2006, when Mexican President Felipe Calderon launched an offensive against drug cartels in which 40,000 people were killed and media named this event â€Å"drug Violence† 40,000 people include not only cartel members ,police officers and many US citizens. However billion dollar support package was sent to Mexican government to fight against cartel but as the aid delivered the death rate have risen with 15,273. According to the Department of Justice, the illegal drug market in US is dominated by 900,000 criminally active gang members affiliated with 20,000 street gangs who have their setup in more than 2500 cities of US as explained in Law Enforcement against Prohibition (2011) This illegal drug market affected countless US communities, as it was fought in US streets with law and enforcement agencies who imprisoned many US citizens. Number of citizens who were imprisoned increased in the last three decades. This was due to anti drug abuse act of 1986 which created serious minimum sentencing laws for drug abuse. Due to which drug arrests tripled between 1980-1997 and according to Whitehead(2012) in every 19 seconds at least one person was arrested in US for violating the laws against this war and in every 30 seconds a person arrested for violating marijuana law, thus making it fourth most common cause of arrest in US. Drug abuse has severe emotional and financial strain on families in addition to other reported domestic abuses. It was also observed that the offense of drug abuse has also affected subsequent percentage of women and children. Women in prison are more likely than men who have convicted of a drug offense. In 2005 there were 29% of women and 19% of men and two third of children under age of 18 who had convicted drug offense. Federal welfare legislation of 1996 imposed lifetime ban on welfare benefits for anyone convicted drug abuse. This created another challenge for the people when they return back to the society especially for women. Also only one in seven among the prisoners was given treatment for drug. Graph below shows the comparison between the percentages

Let The Circle Be Unbroken :: essays research papers

Let the Circle be Unbroken   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When TJ gets a trial, the Logan children are very happy because they think he will not be killed. Mama and Papa disagree because the jury will be entirely white. Mr. Jaminson does and excellent job defending TJ. He had experiments, such as putting a black stocking over his hand and showing it to Mrs. Barnett. He also had strong evidence that TJ did not commit the crime. At the end, TJ was found guilty, mostly because of the jury’s prejudice. This part is a very crucial part of the novel because if TJ were not convicted, the Logan children would have not ridden up to strawberry and they would not have used the â€Å"white† bathrooms. This incident sets a sad tone for the rest of the novel. If TJ weren’t convicted, a majority of the rest of the book would deal with threats against TJ and how he deals with them. Maybe TJ would even get into more trouble with RW and Melvin. When Dube organizes a union with Mr. Wheeler and John Moses, they all came to Mr. Logan for help. They asked him if he could sign up all of the people in his area. Their goal is to get plantation workers 50 cents from sunup to sundown. It looked like Mr. Logan would go along with it until Mr. Wheeler blurts out that it would be a white and black union. Mr. Logan shows some resistance and never really lets Mr. Wheeler know if he would do it or not. This turning point is important because later on in the book the Logans go to a meeting about the union. After that, the night men ambush the next meeting (Logans don’t attend). Dube, who was at the meeting, comes knocking on the Logans door asking for help. If this event would have not taken place, the second union meeting would have not gotten ambushed and all of those people wouldn’t have gotten hurt. Dube wouldn’t have knocked on the Logans door asking for help. The meeting could have been a success and the plantation workers (a.k.a. sharecroppers) would get 50 cents a day for work. My opinion on this event is why even have meetings. The book did a very poor job explaining what Mr. Wheeler and John Moses talked about. In reality, would your pay get boosted from 4 cents a day to 50 cents a day especially in time of depression?

A Tale of Two Cities: A Novel of Change

This novel, â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities†, becomes Charles Dickens’s transition masterpiece. From doing fairy tale-like stories, he began to write something different that provokes enlightenment on the people of his time. The setting is memorable as well.He had chosen two interesting cities, London- a symbol of change and growth, and Paris- a center of art and literature. This novel‘s theme revolves on love and sacrifice.Charles Dickens’s novel is introduced by a famous line that explains the era of war. It is about Lucie, who has not seen her father for many years and she did not know the real story.The people who brought her up reveal the story of her father and that her father was not dead but only imprisoned. Lorry , as a friend, frees Dr. Manette. When Lucie is searching for her father, she met Darnay and falls in love with him just to find out he was the one behind the imprisonment of her father. Eventually the argument had been settled and they underst and each others motives.The novel really moved me especially on the part which Carton offers his life for the happiness of Lucie and Charles. Carton utters the most important words of his life:â€Å"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest I     Ã‚   go to than I have ever known†. (374)It shows unconditional love; although unrealistic sometimes. I also love the plot which is redemption of life.As I expected, this novel as an experiment of his new genre, meets the expectation of an innovation to literature. â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† mentions human nature to love and commit some sacrifices.The novel tells us to sacrifice for someone we love. It does not mean that we risk our lives for them; being a martyr is not advisable. We can sacrifice in little things like having time for our family, or make someone laugh to ease a burden. It is not difficult to extend help to your love one; it is a matter of endearment.Accor ding to Viktor Frankl ,†Only to the extent that someone is living out this self transcendence of human existence is he truly human or does he become his true self. He becomes so, not by concerning himself with his self's actualization, but by forgetting himself and giving himself, overlooking himself and focusing outward.†